Provera

Risk, which makes it gives clinicians a great deal of comfort with it. And the negatives we've already talked about. You have to add progesterone in women with a uterus and for symptomatic patients, that's not always great. All other treatments don't give as rapid or complete relief and the risks are not nearly as well characterized for these other treatments. There are many fewer women years of use. And we have some significant side effects with them. When one treats flashes with an SSRI or SNR medication, loss of libido is a very prominent problem. Antihypertensive drugs can lead to low blood pressure, women falling out of bed at night and someone who can feel attunded ? ; or sleepy if they're given agents like Gabapenten, Bellergal. So everything has got its risks and benefits. So the current FDA recommendations have been essentially recapitulated by everybody that has looked at this in consensus -- the North American Medical Society, the American College of OBGYN and International Menopause Society - that when we treat symptoms because they come and go, the most sensible approach is to use the lowest possible dose when hormones are used, for the shortest possible time. And the preparations that I think that you will see, as a media person, I think you're going to see bewildering arrays and new preparations, because while the Women's Health Initiative showed us well characterized risks and benefits of conjugated estrogens and Provera, medroxyprogsterone acetate, now the ballgame is wide open. So the best way is to treat symptoms with the least risks are really what we're seeking and of all of these preparations that I've got up here -- and I want to leave time for questions and answers so I'm not going to read them off to you -- there are some assumptions that we may want to make about them being safer or better because they're a lower dose or because we're giving them through the skin or because they're being given vaginally. But those things have not been proven yet. So we really need to take a long hard look at all of these different ways to give them, and at the wide dose range. This is almost a 10-fold dose range. And again, here in transdermal estrogen, to see which are really the best for individual women. So a number of questions in this field are appropriate to ask. What is, in fact, the lowest appropriate dose? Different women obviously require different approaches, and when symptoms are treated because they're subjective, the woman is the arbiter of success or failure of the treatment, so that clearly we're going to need to learn more about dose requirements. What is the shortest appropriate time to treat a symptomatic woman? You get a big question. Symptoms are known to vary over time. If someone is made comfortable for a month, is that good enough? Can she go back out and stop her hormones? Is three months enough? When should one try to reevaluate? An often forgotten group is the 10 to 15% whose menopausal symptoms never go away. Again, when one looks at a large group, you never see these women. They vanish out of a larger. Bmj 1993; 307: 779- it has not yet been established whether treatment with rossor, mn, because provera and pregnancy.

If your drug is not included in this formulary, you should first contact Member Services and ask if your drug is covered. If you learn that Senior Care Options does not cover your drug, you have two options: You can ask Member Services for a list of similar drugs that are covered by Senior Care Options. When you receive the list, show it to your doctor and ask him or her to prescribe a similar drug that is covered by SCO. You can ask the Senior Care Options Program to make an exception and cover your drug. See below for information about how to request an exception!


To have the best experience on depo-provera, utilize all the resources available to you.

Soriasis is a common disease that affects 2% of the population of the UK. Although severe psoriasis the treatment of which is the object of this systematic review accounts for only about a quarter of cases, i.e. those that are treated in the secondary care sector ; , the prevalence of moderate-to-severe psoriasis is still equivalent to that of either rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes mellitus. Both rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus are perceived as common, disabling and perforce important autoimmune diseases, and they probably attract more notice and resource than does the management of psoriasis. The high prevalence of psoriasis, coupled with its chronic, recalcitrant nature and consequent severe psychosocial disablement, mean this disease is a major detriment to the nation's health. Although a majority of patients can be treated in the primary care sector, the main NHS resources for psoriasis treatment probably reside within secondary care e.g. inpatient treatment, phototherapy and systemic drugs with their attendant requisite safety monitoring ; . Thus, a working knowledge of which treatments for severe psoriasis are effective and safe, based on firm evidence, is imperative for decision-makers in the NHS. Furthermore, the results of this review should be used by support groups for patients with psoriasis to identify deficits in the uptake or use of therapies that have little or no evidence base for their effectiveness. We have consulted with the two such support groups in the UK: the Psoriasis Association and the Psoriatic Arthropathy Alliance. Firm RCT-based evidence of efficacy could be reliably demonstrated for only five therapies for severe psoriasis. Risks of drug exposure in human pregnancies 2005 ; 3 - Provides guidance on how to evaluate human data on the effects of in utero drug exposure on the developing fetus, i.e., how to go about determining whether or not there has been causality with a specific effect; Lactation studies in women 2005 ; 4 - Draft guidance that provides framework for designing, conducting and analyzing clinical lactation studies; Determining the appropriate dose of a drug for pregnant women 2004 ; 5 - Draft guidance that provides the framework for designing, conducting and analyzing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in pregnant women, i.e., usually after the clinical efficacy has already been established in the adult population; Pregnancy exposure registries 2002 ; 6 Provides guidance on how to establish registries that prospectively monitor the outcomes of pregnancies in women exposed to a drug and rabeprazole!


Drugs are mandatory and the most important advancement in child rearing since the invention of the cane and the padlock and the catholic priest.
By Kathy Widelski he FDA issued a "Black Box" for Depo Provera. A "Black Box" warning is a warning on a substance similar to the warning on cigarette packages. It does not take the drug off the market nor does it say that a drug is unsafe. The warning is that prolonged use of Depo can cause decrease in bone density. The FDA defines prolonged use as two years or more. Depo Ptovera has become a popular contraceptive method for women who have trouble remembering to take a pill every day. It also can decrease menstrual flow and even eliminate monthly periods. Women who do not want any evidence around that they are using a contraceptive method like it as well. Depo Progera is a highly effective progestin injection, which is administered every three months. It prevents the release of eggs from the ovary, decreases the motility of the fallopian tubes, thickens the cervical mucous to inhibit the entry of sperm, and thins the uterine lining. Because of the progestin in the contraceptive, the woman's estrogen levels are decreased. Because of the lower estrogen, women who use Depo Provdra are at risk of decrease in bone density and osteoporosis. The decreased bone density is reversible when Depo Proveta is stopped. Women who choose to use Depo Ptovera for contraception must be warned about the potential complication of loss of bone density and counseled about good health habits like taking in proper amounts of calcium and vitamin D. They should also be counseled about participating in weight bearing exercise. The warning and counseling need to be documented in the client's chart by health care providers and ramipril. Modifying prescribing practices is critical to ensure rational and cost-effective pharmaceutical care. Armstrong recommended the Fund Administration officials to: Collect additional data from research in disease management, outcome research, and pharmacoeconomics which should provide scientific basis for OEP stopping OEP payment for products without documented efficacy; Expansion of standard treatment guidelines development and dissemination of treatment algorithms should be encouraged; Develop drug monitoring reports from OEP database discussed more below. In the hospital pharmacy of st and retin-a.

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Key Points Associated with Depo Provera and Osteoporosis: 1. This contraceptive hormonal therapy reduces bone mineral density BMD ; in many women who use it. 2. It is not yet known whether the effect on BMD increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. 3. There is some evidence that BMD starts to recover when DMPA is stopped. The extent of recovery is currently unknown and may be related to duration of exposure. 4. The effect of DMPA on attainment on peak bone mass in the adolescent population is not known. Other Factors Genetic diseases such as Osteogenesis imperfecta, hemachromatosis and homocysteinuria Family history of osteoporosis Small boned Caucasian or of Oriental ancestry Nulliparity Premature menopause, whether or not surgically induced Anyone who has been on long-term bed rest and or enforced immobility and rimonabant. MMR Vaccine The safety of MMR vaccine was previously reviewed in an earlier issue of the IMB's Drug Safety Newsletter.1 This vaccine recently received much attention again following the article by Wakefield et al. published in the Adverse Drugs Reactions and Toxicological Reviews in January 2001.2 The IMB has reviewed this paper and concludes that it does not present any new data it merely reviews a number of published studies. The article is highly selective and papers that do not support the author's views are not mentioned. It is important to note that no other research group has been able to confirm the laboratory findings that led to the original hypothesis raised by Dr. Wakefield. In addition, repeated studies have not identified an association between MMR vaccine and inflammatory bowel disease or autism. The Irish Medicines Board IMB ; , the National Immunisation Advisory Committee, our European colleagues and many international groups have repeatedly reviewed the safety of the MMR vaccine. All have concluded on each review that there is no evidence to support any association between administration of MMR vaccine and the subsequent development either of inflammatory bowel disease or autism. The World Health Organisation and the Centre for Disease Control in the United States has also reached this conclusion. To date, more than 500 million doses of MMR vaccine have been used worldwide. The combined MMR vaccines were extensively studied and tested in Scandinavia and the USA before they were introduced in Ireland. The vaccines have now been successfully used in over 30 European countries as well as the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The evidence does not support the suggestion that single component vaccines should be administered separately. The IMB considers that the current policy of giving MMR in two doses is safer than giving the three component vaccines sequentially with six injections. With the monocomponent vaccines given sequentially, children would be at risk of infection for longer periods; they would be exposed to the risk of local adverse reactions on each occasion and it is likely that there would be a significant dropout rate for the successive vaccinations. The safety of all medicines, including this vaccine is monitored continuously by the IMB. Various data sources are used, including reports of suspected adverse reactions received from Ireland and worldwide, regular safety updates from the companies, the worldwide medical literature, data from epidemiological studies and information from independent researchers, as well as from other regulatory authorities around the world. The IMB remains of the view that vaccination with MMR is a safe and effective means of protecting children from serious and occasionally fatal illness. The IMB will continue to assess any new information available regarding the safety of this vaccine, to take any regulatory action deemed appropriate and to notify.

2001 ; jpn j pharmacol shortening of monophasic action potential duration during hyperkalemia and myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs and rivastigmine. 63: 767772, 1995 Abma JC, Chandra A, Mosher WD, Peterson LS, Piccinino LJ: Fertility, family planning, and women's health: new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Stat 23: 1114, 1997 Trussell J, Vaughan B: Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect 31: 64 72, Berenson AB, Wiemann CM, McCombs SL, Somma-Garcia A: The rise and fall of levonorgestrel implants: 19921996. Obstet Gynecol 92: 790 794, de Vane PJ Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals ; : Letter to Norplant Providers 10 August ; . Philadelphia, PA, Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals 2000 32. Pinkston Koenigs LM, Miller NH: The contraceptive use of Depo-Provera in U.S. adolescents. J Adolesc Health 16: 347349, 1995 Alan Guttmacher Institute: Family Planning Annual Report: 2000 Summary. New York, 2001 34. Margulies R, Miller L: Increased depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use increases family planning program pharmaceutical supply costs. Contraception 63: 147149, 2001 Piccinino LJ, Mosher WD: Trends in contraceptive use in the United States: 1982 1995. Fam Plann Perspect 30: 4 10, Dinerman LM, Wilson MD, Duggan AK, Joffe A: Outcomes of adolescents using levonorgestrel implants vs oral contraceptives or other contraceptive methods. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149: 967972, 1995 O'Dell CM, Forke CM, Polaneczky MM, Sondheimer SJ, Slap GB: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or oral contraception in postpartum adolescents. Obstet Gynecol 91: 609 614, Polaneczky M, Slap G, Forke C, Rappaport A, Sondheimer S: The use of levonorgestrel implants Norplant ; for contraception in adolescent mothers. N Engl J Med 331: 12011206, 1994 Berenson AB, Wiemann CM: Contraceptive use among adolescent mothers at 6 months postpartum. Obstet Gynecol 89: 999 1005, Bergman RN, Ader M: Free fatty acids and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11: 351356, 2000 Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Moorjani S, Lupien PJ, Theriault G, Bouchard C: Associations between regional body fat distribution, fasting plasma free fatty acid levels and glucose tolerance in premenopausal women. Int J Obes 14: 293302, 1990.
Candidacy because depo-provera does not contain estrogen, it is safe for many women who are not candidates for combination ocs, such as women smokers over age 3 depo-provera should not be given to women who have a history of: current or past breast cancer stroke or blood clots liver disease epilepsy, migraine, asthma, heart failure, or kidney disease due to the fact that the drug causes fluid retention ; unexplained vaginal bleeding risk for osteoporosis because of the long lag time between ending treatments and restoration of fertility, depo-provera is not recommended for women who are thinking of becoming pregnant within 2 years and sertraline.

Depo-provera and lunelle are given as an injection and work in several ways to prevent conception.

Provera prices

What is the controversy? The WHI is a large government funded research program to study hormone replacement therapy It involves 16, 608 postmenopausal women recruited from 1993 - 1998. A portion of the study was prematurely halted due to findings of increased risk of breast cancer, heart attack, stroke, and blood clots were published in JAMA on July 17, 2002. Participants in the WHI Hormone program that were in the study arm taking "estrogen plus progestin" have received written communication instructing them to stop taking their hormone study pills. What were the study groups? The WHI study involved two groups. The first group tested estrogen plus progestin in women who had not had a hysterectomy. The other group used estrogen alone in women who already had a hysterectomy. The "estrogen alone" study group will continue. Problem findings only involved those taking the estrogen plus progesterone. It is important to note that the adverse results pertain only to women taking combined continuous conjugated equine estrogen Premarin 0.625 mg per day ; and medroxyprogesterone acetate Provera or Cycrin 2.5 mg per day ; . Another name for the medication is Prempro. What were the findings of the WHI study? Results indicate that during one year, for every 10, 000 women taking "estrogen plus progestin, " we would expect: 7 more women with heart attacks compared to sugar pills - 37 versus 30 8 more women with strokes - 29 versus 21 8 more women with invasive breast cancer - 38 cases versus 30 8 more women with blood clots in the lungs - 16 versus 8 Results also suggest that there were beneficial effects such as: 5 fewer women would have hip fractures - 10 versus 15 6 fewer women would have colorectal cancers - 10 versus 16 As you can see the chance of something adverse happening to an individual taking her Prempro is very small, less than a tenth of 1 percent per year. Statistically, when you count all adverse events over the 5.2 years of the trial, the increased numbers of adverse events in the Prempro group was 100 per 10, 000 or 1 in 100 women ; . This small increase demonstrates that the risks probably add up over time. The decision to stop the trial after 5 years of follow-up was made whei~th ese results met predetermined levels of harm. Most adverse outcomes began appearing within 1 to 2 years, but increased breast cancer risk did not show until year 3. Risk for stroke and venous blood clots continued throughout the 5 years of therapy. It appears in the second year of the study and is not explained by risk factors such as high blood and sildenafil. It's going to take a radical, grassroots movement, led by uppity women of color and poor and working women joined by feminist men - the kind of all-out mobilization that in the 1970s won abortion rights, checked the forced sterilization campaign, and stopped the approval of depo-provera.
Depot prpvera side effects
Specific areas of current drug litigation include ortho evra, depo provera, prempro, ketek, aprotinin, crestor, and adderall and simvastatin.

Provera joint pain

For what its worth, this is a drug that my doctor suggested.

80%, while other hormone formulations declined at a lower rate and low dose Premarin use slightly increased. The lynch mob that followed WHI proclaimed that estrogen increases cardiovascular disease, clots, dementia, and breast cancer with no net clinical benefits. If the mob were politicians, I'd understand. But these people were doctors and scientists who should have known that a study of Premarin and Provera in mostly white women 15 years after menopause applies only to those drugs not all hormones ; and those women. Postmenopausal women lack the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Losing these sex hormones leads to hot flashes and genital and breast atrophy. Because heart, blood vessels, joints, bone, brain, liver also bind estrogen, women lose estrogen's effect on those organs also. To make the life of hot flashes less miserable and to prevent osteoporosis, doctors prescribe HRT. In women without a uterus, HRT equals estrogen in one form or another. If a woman has not had a hysterectomy, we add progesterone to prevent estrogen-induced uterine cancer. For years we also thought that HRT prevented heart disease, because pre-menopausal women suffer fewer heart attacks than do men of similar ages. After menopause, women catch up, making heart disease their primary cause of death. Animal experiments in the 1950's demonstrated that estrogen administered to animals on a high-fat diet prevented coronary heart disease. Retrospective, casecontrol studies in women supported the cardio-protective effect of estrogen. A variety of observational studies, with various types of subjects, hormones, parameters and endpoints, were all mostly positive. Even though numerous observational studies of estrogen showed reduced risk of heart disease, the significance of the association was questioned. Women taking estrogen were more likely to be lean and practice healthful behavior. A randomized trial of estrogen had to be done for proof. To whom do the WHI results apply? Only women similar to those in the study and taking the same medication. To understand the implications of WHI, we must know its specifics. From 373, 092 women contacted, the WHI study group recruited 27, 347 16, with uteri and 10, 739 who had had a hysterectomy ; healthy women, 50 to 79 years of age average 63.3 ; from 40 U.S. clinical centers. The women who were screened but did not participate were either disinterested in participating, unwilling to sign a consent, deemed unreliable for medication adherence dementia or substance abuse ; , likely to move out of the area in 3 years or saddled with a current or history of disease that might recur in 3 years. Less than 10% of the women contacted made up the study group of 27, 347. That means that 345, 745 women, representing a huge segment of the female population, were excluded or chose not to participate for whatever reason. WHI included mostly white 83% ; , healthy women, an average of 15 years into their menopause, who were willing let someone randomly decide whether or not they took hormones. It does not apply to women who knew that they would hate their sleepless, sweating lives if they went off hormones and on placebo. WHI studied illness only in people with no life-threatening illness. Those who are black, Hispanic, drunk or forgetful can forget thinking the results apply to them. About which drugs can we draw conclusions? Only Premarin and Provera. Calling Premarin and Provera `estrogen' and `progesterone, ' as most authors do so loosely, ignores the fact that neither is equivalent to normal human hormones. This misleading simplification is unconscionable. Premarin CEE ; is a mixture of 6 conjugated estrogens from horses, only two of which are native to humans. Their estrogenic activity varies, with some being more active and others less. Their effect on the liver and blood vessels are for the most part unknown. Provera, or medroxyprogesterone acetate MPA ; , is a derivative of human progesterone, with weaker progesterone and more androgenic male hormone ; activity. Estrogens and progestins other than Premarin and Provera are available, including the `natural' hormone, 17estradiol. `Natural' progesterone must be taken in a large dose of a micronized form 200 mg ; because of poor absorption. Synthetic hormones are used primarily in oral contraceptives. No existing HRT including `bioequivalent' hormones ; continued on page 6 and sporanox and provera.

Is pr0vera over the counter
Previous medications: prover 10 mg.

Dalmane. 24 dalteparin. 30 danazol. 44 Danocrine. 44 Dantrium. 2 dantrolene. 2 dapsone. 0 Daraprim. darbepoetin. 3 darunavir. 3 Darvocet. 20 dasatinib. 5 DDAvP. 44 Decadron. 33, .43 deferoxamine.mesylate. 54 Delatestryl. 44 delaviridine. 2 Delta-Cortef. 43 demecarium. 33 Depakene. 7 Depakote. 7, .23 Depo-Provera. 47 Depo-testosterone. 44 depotestosterone. 44 DeS. 45 desmopressin. 44 and starlix. Spermicides, 39, 72 Sterilization, 39, 140, 147 Withdrawal, 39, 75 ELISA test, 27 Emergency contraception Abortion, 31 About, 7787, 113, A30 Cervical caps, 66, 67 Condoms, 56, 58, 59, Contact information, xi FAM, 55 Pregnancy tests, 28 Withdrawal, 76 See also Plan B Enpresse, A26, A30 Errin, A19 Erythromycin, 154, 155, 157, Esclim, 24 Essure sterilization, 144 Estrace, 24 Estraderm, 24 Estradiol, 1, 3, 24, Estratab, 24 Estratest, 24 Estratest H.S., 24 Estrogen, 13, 2324, 27, Estropipate, 24 Estrostep FE, A27 Ethinyl estradiol, 101 Etonogestrel, 150 F Fallope ring, 140, 141 Famciclovir, 155 FC female condoms, 63 Felbamate, 125 FemCaps, 66, 67 Femhrt, 24 Feminena, 121 FemPatch, 24 Fertility after use Abortion, elective, 36 Abstinence, 43 Cervical caps, 68 COCs, 114 Condoms, 60, 65 Depo-Provera, 129, 134 Diaphragms, 71 EC, 84.

How long after stopping progesterone such as provera or prometrium ; do you have the withdrawal bleed. HENRY S. KAHN, MD1 KATHRYN M. CURTIS, PHD2 POLLY A. MARCHBANKS, PHD2 One new contraceptive mode was a depot injection containing 150 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate DMPA, "Depo-Provera" ; . Administered by the intramuscular route, it delivers medroxyprogesterone at a plasma concentration of 1 ng The DMPA injection must be repeated every 3 months for continuing contraceptive benefit. The other new mode was a system of six Silastic capsules, each containing 36 mg of the progestin levonorgestrel LNG ; , designed for longterm subcutaneous insertion in the upper arm LNG implant, "Norplant" ; . This implant system delivers LNG initially at 85 g day, declining gradually to 30 g day 4 ; . Serum concentrations of LNG decrease from 0.35 ng ml at year to 0.29 ng ml at years, the recommended duration of use. Both of these new contraceptives are highly effective 0.3% pregnancies with typical use in the first year [5] ; and require relatively little active involvement from the patient. In addition, the absence of any estrogenic hormone component makes them theoretically attractive for use by diabetic women who are at advanced risk of vascular complications. For diabetic women free of microvascular or macrovascular disease, the World Health Organization WHO ; acknowledges that progestin-only contraceptives in general i.e., progestin-only pills as well as injections and implants ; may slightly influence carbohydrate metabolism, but the WHO also indicates that the advantages of DMPA or LNG implants generally outweigh their theoretical or proven risks 6 ; . The WHO's favorable review of the LNG implants extends also to diabetic women with vascular disease, but for these women it considers DMPA to carry theoretical or proven risks that usually outweigh the advantages. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has stated that among diabetic women who have vascular disease or are older than 35 years, the. Social History: Mrs. Wells never worked outside the home. She cared for her husband, who had multiple medical problems until he died 10 years ago. She raised three children, one daughter and two sons. One son lives in town and is "looking out" for Mom. The other two children are out of state and have very little contact. She has few interests. She is primarily sedentary. She has never exercised on a regular basis. She has never smoked but has always had two "high balls" each night before supper. Review: Reports polyuria and nocturia x 2-3 each night. She has been more forgetful as of late, but attributes that to normal aging. Reports weight gain of 40 lbs. over the past 2 years. Decreased visual acuity to the point where she has difficulty reading the newspaper. Incontinence of urine 5-6 times per week. This occurs when she has the urge to urinate but cannot make it to the toilet before wetting herself. Activities of Daily Living ADLS ; : Intact patient is able to feed, dress, and bathe self; ambulating without assistance; she does have occasional incontinence ; . Instrumental Activities of Daily Living IADLs ; : Stopped driving due to poor vision. "She can cook when she wants to." Family takes her shopping once a week. Advanced Directives: Has a living will. Eldest son husband of person with her ; is her health care power of attorney. Environment: Patient reports that she lives in a three-story Victorian home. She primarily lives on the first and second floors. There is a half-bath on the first floor and all the bedrooms are on the second floor. The floors are hardwood covered with rugs of various sizes. The bathroom has a clawfoot tub with a shower curtain. There is no lighting on the stairway and dim lighting in the hallways. The daughter-in-law states that the house is cluttered with magazines and various "knickknacks." Physical Examination: Weight: 280 lbs. Sitting BP: 160 80 Pulse: 62 Standing BP: 142 70 Pulse: 60 Gen: Obese white female in no apparent distress, responds appropriately to questions. Skin: Warm, laceration on her forehead, ecchymosis over the right hip. HEENT: Poor vision, cannot read newsprint, she can count fingers; poor hearing- you have to speak loudly for her to hear and she still misses things at times. Chest: Clear to auscultation, no rales, rhonchi, or wheezes. Height: 5' 6, for instance, provera brzine. Winner or "handicapping" ; is becoming familiar with reading the racing program. Each program has a section explaining the information format used at that particular track. Probably the best place to start when handicapping Standardbreds is time. Since over 99 percent of all harness races are conducted at the oneHOBBLES on a pacer. mile distance, valid comparisons can be made among horses. HARNESS: The gear which is used to attach the sulky to a horse, to carry the hobbles and to enable the driver to steer the horse. HOME STRETCH: The straight length of the track, nearest the spectators, where the finish line is situated. It is called this because it is the final part of the track a horse travels down during a race -- on its run 'home' or to the finish line ; . HOBBLES: The straps which connect the front and rear legs on the same side of a horse. Most pacers wear hobbles to help balance their stride and maintain a pacing gait. The length of hobbles is adjustable, and a trainer registers the length that best suits his or her horse. There are also trotting hobbles that work through a pulley system to help trotters maintain their gait. HORSE: A male 4 years of age or older. INQUIRY: Stewards may conduct an inquiry as a result of any incident which may have occurred during a race, to determine whether or not certain drivers and or horses were responsible for the incident and whether they should receive due punishment. This horse is using a JOG CART JAN. 1: All Standardbreds share this date as their and pacing FREE-LEGGED. birthday. JOG CART: A cart that is attached to the harness and carries the trainer, and which the horse pulls. Used when horses are training or warming up for a race. It is larger, longer and heavier than a SULKY. INVITATIONAL: A race for the top horses in the area. Also known a Open or Free-For-All. LAME: The term used to describe a horse which is limping or has difficulty walking properly. LEASING: As opposed to buying a harness horse, people have the option of leasing one. Just like some people lease a car instead of paying the money up-front, leasing a horse gives people use of a horse without large capital outlay. An agreement or contract must be drawn up between the two parties, and the The number 3 horse is PARKED OUT, lease must be registered with the relevant conwhile number 1 is THREE-WIDE. trolling body. MAIDEN: A horse which has not yet won a race. MARE: A female 4 years of age or more. PARI-MUTUEL RACE: A race in which wagering is allowed, held at a track licensed by a state's racing commission. Pari-mutuel races are held at licensed pari-mutuel racetracks or fairs and rabeprazole.
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