Within Lothian the cost of Home Blood Glucose Monitoring HBGM ; test strips is currently greater than 2 million a year this is more than the cost of oral antidiabetic drugs ; , compared to 1.24 million in 2001 an increase of 75% in only 4 years ; . This is the result of the increase in the total number of prescriptions for HBGM test strips, the quantity of test strips per prescription and an increase in the cost of the strips themselves so that the current average cost per pack of HBGM test strips in Lothian is 15.71. The Lothian Joint Formulary LJF ; recently produced recommendations for HBGM technology following an evaluation by the Lothian Home Blood Glucose Monitoring Meter ; Working Group. A set of criteria was developed so that the usefulness and acceptability of meters to be used by people with diabetes could be objectively assessed. Meters with published independent evaluations commissioned by the NHS Centre for Evidence-based Purchasing were evaluated. The group assessed HBGM meter strip combinations against measures of reproducibility, accuracy and patient acceptability and usefulness.
My own experience of leaving work and going on long-term disability benefits was not without its headaches. When HIVrelated health problems first started to occur, I cut my working hours by one-quarter, to allow time for rest and reduce my level of stress. This plan worked for a while. Unfortunately, the major flaw in this approach was that when I was no longer able to work at all, my long-term disability benefit was based on 65 percent of my reduced wage. Because of the onset of illness, I wasn't able to attend to all the lengthy forms and paperwork. Fortunately, my employer was very accommodating. The first stage was applying for Employment Insurance sickness benefits and then for private long-term disability benefits, which paid 65 percent of wages at the time of the disability, tax-free. After the first year, the insurance company insisted that I apply for Canadian Pension Plan disability CPPD ; benefits. My first application for CPPD was denied, and after applying for an appeal, the benefits were approved two years after the initial filing. The CPPD benefit was paid out as a lump sum, backdated to the original date of filing. It was a substantial amount of money. The insurance company wanted all the money paid back to them, and the money that CPPD sent was taxable. My tax burden was large that year, as several weeks of vacation time were paid out and there was no additional room for RRSPs. It was hard to adjust to a much smaller income, but fortunately I had no outstanding debts and my mortgage was paid off. Still, the reality of not returning to work took a huge toll, and on top of the complications and coping with an AIDS diagnosis, depression set in. Limited social opportunities due to medications and illness further complicated matters. I was lucky, though, because I had some good family supports and I attended some support groups. Many PWAs, however, don't have these simple supports, for example, lundbeck.
'meth kids' effort's focus jill stone ventura - a variety of ventura county agencies, including police, public health nurses and social workers, are teaming up to help children whose lives are threatened by illegal drugs in their homes, particularly children growing up with meth labs.
Dr McPartland is a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Family Practice, University of Vermont, and an assistant clinical professor in the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Michigan State University. Dr Pruitt is a veterinarian in the, for example, medications.
1. People and Plants Conservation Manuals This series has extremely helpful books that cover theory, detailed methods, and case studies. Cover topics from participatory rural appraisal techniques to community agreements to bark characters. Martin, Gary J. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Cunningham, Anthony B. Applied Ethnobotany: People Wild Plant Use, and Conservation. Laird, Sarah A., editor. Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. Tuxill, John and Gary Paul Nabhan. People, Plants and Protected Areas: A Guide to In Situ Management. 2. Plant Collection and Other Techniques Alexiades, Miguel N. Selected Guidelines for Ethnobtanical Research: A Field Manual. 3. Ecology Field Methods Brower, James E., Jerrold H. Zar, and Carl N. con Ende. Field and Laboratory Methods for General EcologyField and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. 4. Ethnographic Data-Taking Emerson, Robert M., Rachel I. Fretz, Linda L. Shaw. Writing Ethnographic Field Notes. 5. Botanical terms Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf Harris. Plant Indentification Terminology: An Illustrated Glosssary. Dransfield, J. and H. Beentje. Lexicon Palmarum. The Visual Dictionary of Plants 6. Ethnobotany Text Simpson, Beryl and Molly Ogorzaly. Economic Botany: Plants in Our World. 7. Botany Texts Mabberly, D.J. The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants 8.
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Demographics Summary Number of Employees Number of Members Ratio of Members to Employees Percent Male Members Percent Female Members Average Age of Membership Number of Utilizing Members Customer Prior 2, 614 4, Customer Current 2, 652 4, % Change from Prior 1.4% 1.3% -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 2.7% Aetna BOB N A N 2.1 48.7% 51.3% N A $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 Pharmacy Amount Paid Per Eligible Member $511 $471 $611 and
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Studies in mental health particularly the incidence of schizophrenia in London were highest among Black Africans and Black Caribbean who were single, suggesting they were most vulnerable to the effects of social stress. 40 The admission due to schizophrenia in Barking and Dagenham for ages 15 74, during 1998 1999 was ranked at 58 and the relevant Townsend deprivation score was 22. 39 The ranks for admission due to schizophrenia suggested the relative level of deprivation influenced the level of psychiatric morbidity in Barking & Dagenham. Table 7.
UNFPA Relief Supplies Sanitary Napkins Toilet tissues Tooth brush Tooth paste Ladies panties Bottled water 1.5 ltr ; Preliminary support for the displaced population Ladies undergarments Soap Towels Clean delivery kits Clinical delivery kits Condom kit Treatment of sexually transmitted infections kits Management of miscarriage kits Blood transfusion kits Oral and injectable contraceptives Mother and baby kits UNICEF Distribution to Dhifushi & Hura children in Majeedhiya Items delivered to Kalaafanu School Items delivered to M. Naalaafushi Items procured for disaster response team Milk powder full cream ; 900 gm Baby food porridge Jars of baby food Slippers flip flops #6 Slippers flip flops #7 Slippers flip flops #8 Slippers flip flops #9 Slippers flip flops #10 Soap bars ; Mosquito coils Detergent washing powder, 10x 1kg Milk powder 1800 gms ; baby food Baby food Promina Baby food Nestum Nestum with honey juice packets milk packets Milo packets Garbage bins with covers large ; Garbage bins with covers small ; Dustbins opening 2 way Jugs with handles Basic family water kit Conductivity metre, pocket 0-100mS Recreation kits 32 29 21 Items Items cases Cases Packets Bottles nos nos nos nos nos Bars Boxes Cases Tins Jars Cases Cases Cases Cases Packets Packets Bins Bins Bins Jugs Units Pieces Pieces 50 cases cases dozen dozen pieces cases pieces nos nos units units units units units units units nos and sildenafil, for example, metabolism.
References 1. Halder RM, Nootheti PK., Ethnic skin disorders overview., J Acad Dermatol. 2003 Jun; 48 6 Suppl ; : S143-8. 2. Carter EL., Race vs ethnicity in dermatology. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Apr; 139 4 ; : 539-40; 3. Ramos-E-Silva M., Ethnic hair and skin: what is the state of the science?. Chicago, IllinoisSeptember 29-30, 2001, Clin Dermatol. 2002 May-Jun; 20 3 ; : 321-4. 4. Bolaffi G., Bracalenti R., Braham P, Gindro S. edited by ; , Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity, & Culture, 2003, London, Sage Publications 5. Morrone A, Hercogova J., Lotti T, Stop female genital mutilation: appeal to the international dermatologic community, Int J Dermatol. 2002 May; 41 5 ; : 253-63 6. Taylor SC., Epidemiology of skin diseases in people of color., Cutis. 2003 Apr; 71 4 ; : 271-5 7. Rees JL., Two cultures?, J Acad Dermatol. 2002 Feb; 46 2 ; : 313-6. 8. Amshel CE, Caruso DM. Vietnamese "coining": a burn case report and literature review, J Burn Care Rehabil 2000 Mar-Apr; 21 2 ; : 112-4 9. Bhatia MS An analysis of 60 cases of culture bound syndromes. Indian J Med Sci. 1999 Apr; 53 4 ; : 149-152. 10. Look KM, Look RM. Skin scraping, cupping, and moxibustion that may mimic physical abuse., J Forensic Sci. 1997 Jan; 42 1 ; : 103-5. 11. Morrone A, Hercogova J, Lotti. Stop female genital mutilation: appeal to the international dermatologic commuty. Int. J. Dermatol. 2002 May; 41 5 ; : 253-63 12. Witkoski JA, Parish LC. The Other Medicine: Complementary and Alternative-Why, Why Not? Clinics in Dermatology, 2002; 20: 456-460 Yang J. The history of cupping therapy, Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi. 1999 Apr; 29 2 ; : 82-4.
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1. Corey-Bloom J, Anand R, Veach J, for the ENA 713 B352 Study Group. A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of ENA 713 rivastigmine tartrate ; , a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychopharmacol. 1998; 1: 55-65. Rosler M, Anand R, Cicin-Sain A, et al. Efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: international randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 1999; 318: 633-640. Rogers SL, Doody RS, Mohs RC, et al. Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med. 1998; 158: 1021-1031. Rogers SL, Farlow MR, Doody RS, Mohs R, Friedhoff LT, for the Donepezil Study Group. A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1998; 50: 136-145. Tariot PN, Solomon PR, Morris JC, et al. A 5-month, randomized, placebocontrolled trial of galantamine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2000; 54: 22692276. Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Wessel T, et al. Galantamine in AD: a 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension. Neurology. 2000; 54: 2261-2268. Knapp MJ, Knopman DS, Solomon PR, et al. A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA. 1994; 271: 985-991. Davis KL, Mohs RC, Marin D, et al. Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 1999; 281: 1401-1406. Lovestone S, Graham N, Howard R. Guidelines on drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1997; 350: 232-233. Enz A, Amstutz R, Boddeke H, Gmelin G, Malanowski J. Brain selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase: a novel approach to therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Prog Brain Res. 1993; 98: 431-438. Cutler NR, Polinsky RJ, Sramek JJ, et al. Dose-dependent CSF acetylcholinesterase inhibition by SDZ ENA 713 in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998; 97: 244-250. Mesulam MM, Geula C. Butyrylcholinesterase reactivity differentiates the amyloid plaques of aging from those of dementia. Ann Neurol. 1994; 36: 722-727. Ballard CG. Advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: benefits of dual cholinesterase inhibition. Eur Neurol. 2002; 47: 64-70. Greig NH, Utsuki T, Yu Q, et al. A new therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease treatment: attention to butyrylcholinesterase. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001; 17: 159165 and
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The fda said the novartis file card reuters amnesia, alzheimer and other memory problems - aug 29, 2007 other medicines include donepezil aricept ; , rivastigmine exelon ; , galantamine razadyne, formerly called reminyl ; , and tacrine cognex!
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Continued from first page, col. 3 -- 4. To provide an opportunity for international HIV community representatives to develop working relationships work with WHO, the Stop TB Partnership, the Global Fund, and other stakeholders to more effectively represent affected communities in prevention, research, treatment, and care programs focusing on TB HIV coinfection . 5. To provide an opportunity for international HIV community representatives to develop working relationships with national and regional public health and TB and HIV AIDS program officials so that they may work together to implement future TB HIV initiatives. 6. To provide an opportunity for international HIV community representatives to develop plans and strategies to mobilize communities, policymakers, and resources to better fight TB HIV at the country and regional levels, and participate in global policy dialogue.
Mer and 68% in the latter. However, a considerable difference in frequency was observed between a-mediated current activation with use of the -adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine 56% ; and -mediated current activation with noradrenaline and 3-antagonists 33% ; . A number of possibilities could explain the discrepancy. First, the higher percentage of current activation observed with phenylephrine could be attributable to its significant effect on adrenoceptors in addition to its specific a-action, resulting in overestimation of a-mediated current activation. The 3effect of phenylephrine has also been observed previously in the epididymal [3] and tracheal epithelium [13] by the short-circuit current measurement technique. Alternatively, "cross-talk" between a- and 3-pathways could be the reason for the lower percentage of current activation observed with the use of noradrenaline and -antagonists; this could block a-action through inhibition of 3-pathways, resulting in a lower percentage of observed a-mediated current activation. Previous short-circuit current studies have not been able to establish whether different adrenergic responses are mediated by single epithelial cells or by separate epithelial cell types expressing different subtypes of adrenoceptors. Using the patch-clamp technique in the present study, we were able to examine adrenoceptor-mediated chloride current activation at the single cell level. Because agonist-stimulated current activation could be reversed upon washing and then restimulated, the presence of both - and 3-adrenoceptors could be assayed in single epididymal cells. Exposing the cells to 3- and a-agonists sequentially, or in reversed order, gave rise to dual current activation in 22% and 27% of the cells examined, respectively; this indicated the presence of both - and -adrenoceptors in single ep and
starlix.
Condition s ; targeted: substance-related disorders intervention: rivastigmine drug ; phase: phase 1 phase 2 enrollment status: recruiting sponsored by: national institute on drug abuse nida ; official s ; and or principal investigator s ; : steve shoptaw, phd, principal investigator, affiliation: university of california, los angeles overall contact: thomas newton, md, phone: 888 ; 699-7878 summary methamphetamine abuse has been steadily increasing over the past decade.
Separate medication for the migraines though, which are v different to the normal headaches and
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The STABLE Project is a physician led quality improvement initiative to develop evidence-based clinical performance measures for bipolar disorder. The STABLE Project owns the measures; however, the co-chairs and NCC members declared that all work products of the STABLE Project are NOT to be proprietary. The STABLE Project measures, the development process to produce the measures, and any related resource tools are to be fully transparent and made available in the public domain. The STABLE Project has been provided with sponsoring funds from AstraZeneca; however, no representative of AstraZeneca has been present at or involved in any STABLE meeting, including any meetings involving Co-chairs of the Project. AstraZeneca has had no involvement with or influence on the development, testing, or data analysis related to the STABLE Project. Likewise, the STABLE Project operates under an Agreement that the STABLE clinical performance measures will NOT be owned by AstraZeneca and will not be "branded" in any manner by AstraZeneca. The STABLE Project Co-chairs, Medical Advisor, and members of the STABLE National Coordinating Council developed the measures. Technical assistance and project management services were provided by EPI-Q, Inc., a clinical consulting company. The STABLE Project Co-chairs, Medical Advisor, and members of the STABLE National Coordinating Council will maintain the measures using a process to review the clinical literature, revisions or new editions of relevant clinical guidelines, and any new medical breakthroughs medical device, new technology, and or pharmacology ; that are supported by well-developed clinical trials. The review and maintenance process will conducted as the former information becomes available or in a period not to exceed three years, whichever occurs first. Additionally, it is the goal of the STABLE Project Co-Chairs and STABLE NCC members to join with a permanent entity in maintaining the measures, providing that entity will contractually agree to maintain the measures as non-proprietary; non-branded; and scientific according to the objectives of the STABLE Project. A-98, for instance, rivasigmine parkinson.
Which drug for hypertension? Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity in hypertension the CAPPP study and
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To avoid restraints, including chemical restraint * do not start planning long-term care precipitously! Peri-operative delirium can be avoided by scrupulous attention to oxygenation, blood pressure, infection, drugs and nutrition; in general medical settings, hydration, expert nursing and the avoidance of urinary catheters and night sedation will lessen the risk of developing delirium. dementia diagnois: the diagnosis of dementia is relatively straight-forward, three positive and two negative criteria are required: * significant memory problems * other cortical deficits; aphasia, apraxia, personality change, loss of judgement * social or occupational dysfunction as a result of both of the above * absence of altered consciousness, which implies delirium * absence of uncorrected secondary causative factors collateral history: Assessment of social or occupational dysfunction obviously requires a collateral history, i.e. a history from the patient's family or friends. The inclusion of the higher cortical deficit is of some interest, it emphasizes the organic nature of the dementing disease and highlights the frequent parietal deficits found in dementia. For example 100% of patients with Alzheimer's disease have a form of nominal aphasia; in the early stages it is quite subtle and skilful use of circumlocution by the patient may mask its presence. causes: The third stage is to diagnose the cause of the dementia. To those who feel that this step is superfluous: vascular dementia may stabilise or even improve with the control of such risk factors as smoking and hypertension. Symptomatic drug therapy, donepezil and rivastigmine, is available for Alzheimer's disease and the Lewy-body variant of Alzheimer's disease. Although there are almost 100 established causes of dementia, the top eleven major causes of dementia are routinely screened for in common practice: * Alzheimer's disease, an exclusion diagnosis * vascular dementia * mixed Alzheimer's and vascular dementia * Lewy body dementia * alcoholic dementia, not Korsakoff's * Parkinson's dementia * fronto-temporal dementia * vitamin B12 deficiency * hypothyroidism * ertiary syphilis * depressive pseudodementia There are a host of others including HIV, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Huntingdon's and Creutzfeld Jakob's disease. The incidence of `reversible' dementia, like the last four listed types, is very low in the elderly. diagnosis: necessary factors for diagnosis include: * a history from the patient * a history from a collateral source about: - onset - progression - functional capabilities - behaviour - problems, e.g. driving * full physical examination with emphasis on: - mental state - affect - neurological and cardiovascular examination.
2 chains of polyethylene glycol PEG ; of 5 kDa. The aim of this investigation is to study the pharmacokinetics of these inhibitors in pigs. Methods: Pigs 10-15 kg b.w. ; were anaesthetized by a intravenous injection of Thiopental. A catheter was placed in the left jugular vein for blood sampling. Dipetarudin and PEG-Dipetarudin were applied as a single bolus injection of 0.5 mg kg body weight. Blood and urine samples were collected at definite time intervals before and after dosing. Antithrombin activity was determined by ecarin clotting time. Results: The pharmacokinetics of dipetarudin in pigs can be also described by a two compartment model. After an iv bolus, values of 0.12 h for distribution and 1.27 h for elimination half lives were obtained. After sc administration, the bioavailability reached 100%. The pharmacokinetics of the PEGylated inhibitor differs from that of dipetarudin. Moreover, PEG-Dipetarudin has a higher AUC value and longer half-lives than dipetarudin. Both inhibitors were eliminated exclusively by the kidneys. The cumulative excretion showed that approximately 85% of the applied dose of both substances was recovered in active form. These results suggest that a lower dose of PEG-dipetarudin may achieve the same in vivo effect as with dipetarudin and
tagamet.
Food and drug administration fda ; for possible approval for clinical use.
Transmission of hepatitis C virus HCV ; and other bloodborne viruses between household members who are not sex partners presumably results from inapparent percutaneous or perimucosal exposures, such as sharing articles that may be contaminated with microscopic quantities of blood. The risk for nonsexual household transmission is extremely low, and no cases of such transmission have been documented 1 direct percutaneous exposures e.g. injecting drugs ; have been identified as the major risk factor for infection 1 ; . This report summarizes the investigation of a newly acquired case of HCV infection in a child with hemophilia, after a preliminary investigation identified several household members with HCV infection. The findings suggest the child acquired infection through percutaneous exposure to the mother's HCV-infected blood during infusion of clotting-factor concentrate. On 12 September, 1996, a case of seroconversion of antibody to HCV anti-HCV ; in a 4-year-old child with moderate factor VIII deficiency was reported to the Seroconversion Surveillance Project, a surveillance system maintained jointly by the Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC ; , and the National Hemophilia Foundation. The child tested positive for anti-HCV on 29 August 1996, after testing negative in June 1994 and August 1995. Serum drawn on the same day 29 August ; tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus HIV ; antibody. With the exception of the 14 days after birth, the child had always received recombinant clotting-factor concentrate for treatment of bleeding episodes. Testing of serum samples from six household members indicated that three were anti-HCV-positive, including the patient's mother, an older sibling, and an aunt who had stayed in the household for 6 weeks during September and October 1995. The mother and aunt had histories of having injected illicit drugs but had not been tested previously for anti-HCV. The sibling, aged 11 years, had moderate factor VIII deficiency and was anti-HCV-positive when first tested in 1992. Until November 1994, the child was treated for bleeding episodes at a local emergency department with recombinant clotting-factor concentrate brought from home. Beginning in November 1994, the patient's mother administered clotting-factor concentrate to him at home after receiving training from a nurse employed by a home health-care company. Follow-up consisted of an annual visit to a hemophilia treatment centre. During February 1995 to June 1996, the period during which the child probably became infected, the patient's mother administered factor VIII concentrate to him on 13 occasions. She reported that, until May and
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May still be in the transition phase. Encourage the client to talk about her recovery history. This will help her realize that she has made progress and will help her discover the "stuck" point in her recovery. The difficulties that clients experience in recovery may be signs of progress as well as problems that need to be addressed. In the event of relapse, the client's social support network may need strengthening. Returning to those stages of the Motivational Assessment Process that address support networks may be a way of intervening in a relapse episode. When relapse occurs, it is important to review a client's psychiatric situation, as research has shown that clients with co-existing mental health disorders are highly prone to relapse.
Them, but they were not particularly uncomfortable. The bigeminy is very noticeable, and rather uncomfortable I can say without hesitation that I would still have had the ablation if I'd known I'd be left with PACs. Even the worst day of bigeminy is better than the best day of fib Sounds like a bumper sticker! ; . Also, PACs bigeminy are basically benign. That cannot be said for fib. I would not let concern over PACs stand in your way of an ablation. Two years ago, I was in AFIB about 65 percent of the time, with or without meds. The rest of the time, I was just kind of waiting around for the next episode to begin. Now I fib free, and with minimal meds, PAC-free. I lead a normal life. And I still haven't given up hope I can again be PAC-free and med-free and terbinafine.
Retinopathy, a severely disabling complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by the damage of small blood vessel in the retina, which can lead to blindness. Selective loss of pericytes, thickening of the capillary basement membrane, the increased permeability, of reactive oxygen species and neovascularization, are the hallmarks of the disease.
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Pharmacology R8vastigmine Exelon ; is a carbamate derivative, centrally acting reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. It has a low activity at peripheral sites, which theoretically should result in a lower incidence of side.
This process is rather like having an unruly dog or beast enter one' life, tearing up everything, s making messes, demanding total attention to the neglect of other things. Living with ME is rather like learning to tame the beast so that you can live together in some form of harmony. Hill' model of The Three Relational Processes is summarized in this outline: s Legitimizing Being Believed and Being Diagnosed Understanding and Accepting Putting the Illness in Its Place Healing of the Body, Mind, & Spirit Physical Healing Soul Healing Negotiating the Critical Balance Listening to My Body Learning Limits Redefining Healthy Self Accepting a New Lifestyle Accepting CFS as a Background Habitant Recovery, according to this model, brings a sense of hope to those who suffer ME and can serve as an important guide to family, friends, colleagues, doctors and counsellors who want to help people with ME to recover. * Hill, Delcie. Successful Healing Pathways toward Recovery from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1996. Master in the Science of Nursing Thesis, University of British Columbia, for example, galantamine.
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Future. If we are unable to enter into additional research partnership arrangements, we may incur additional costs to continue research and development internally or we may abandon certain projects. We do not have proprietary protection for most of our branded pharmaceutical products, and our sales could suffer from competition by generic substitutes. Although most of our revenue is generated by products not subject to competition from generic products, there is no proprietary protection for most of our branded pharmaceutical products, and generic substitutes for most of these products are sold by other pharmaceutical companies. In addition, governmental and other pressure to reduce pharmaceutical costs may result in physicians prescribing products for which there are generic substitutes. Increased competition from the sale of generic pharmaceutical products may cause a decrease in revenue from our branded products, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, which would likely negatively affect the market price of our stock. In addition, our branded products for which there are no generic form, available may face competition from different therapeutic agents used for the same indications for which our branded products are used. We depend on our trademarks, patents, and proprietary rights and our ability to compete could be limited if they are infringed upon or if we fail to enforce them. The protection of our trademarks and service marks is an important factor in product recognition, maintaining goodwill and in maintaining or increasing market share. If we do not adequately protect our rights in our various trademarks and service marks from infringement, those marks could be lost or impaired. We are pursuing several U.S. patent applications covering new and existing dermatology products, and also have acquired rights under certain patents and patent applications from certain of our consultants and officers, including patents issued or applied covering ANAMANTLEHC, CARMOL40, ENTSOL Adaptor, and ROSULA. The ownership of a patent or an interest in a patent does not always provide significant protection and the patents and applications in which we have an interest may be challenged as to their validity or enforceability. Others may independently develop similar technologies or design around the patented aspects of our technology. Challenges may result in potentially significant harm to our business. The cost of responding to these challenges and the inherent costs to defend the validity of our patents, including the prosecution of infringements and the related litigation, could be substantial. Such litigation also could require a substantial commitment of management's time, which would detract from the time available to be spent maintaining and developing our business. We also rely upon unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation in developing and manufacturing many of our principal products. We require all of our employees, consultants and advisors to enter into confidentiality agreements prohibiting them from taking or using our proprietary information and technology elsewhere. Nevertheless, these agreements may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets and proprietary know-how if they are used or disclosed. Despite all of the precautions we may take, people who are not parties to confidentiality agreements may obtain access to our trade secrets or know-how. In addition, others may independently develop similar or equivalent trade secrets or know-how. We could be sued regarding the intellectual and proprietary rights of others, which could seriously harm our business and cost us a significant amount of time and money and
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